Donald R. Hall, 2006 "Poet Laureate" of the United States (1928-living)

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Exeter New Hampshire, African American Poet, James Monroe Whitfield (1822-1871)

James Monroe Whitfield was born 10 April 1822 in Exeter, New Hampshire.

Little is known about his family and education, except that he had a sister, Elizabeth P. Allen, whose daughter, Annie Pauline Pindell, was a concert singer and songwriter.  Some say he was a descendant of Ann Paul, sister of Thomas Paul, an Exeter, New Hampshire, clergyman.

He may have been educated in New York city, and he was “an avowed emigrationist.” He apparently settled in Buffalo, New York where he was employed as a barber, when he was visited by Frederick Douglass, who said of him, “the malignant arrangements of society has chained him in the barber shop.”

In May of 1853 his “America and Other Poems” was published while he was living in Buffalo, New York.

According to ProQuest, he was  “a regular contributor to abolitionist journals, whose ironic and accusatory poems such as ‘The Misanthropist’ and ‘America’ anticipate the Black nationalism of later generations.”

The 1860 U.S. Census shows, a man who I believe to be the poet, James Whitfield, living in New Haven, Connecticut, with his wife and three sons.  If the ages are correct, this would place the Whitfield Family in New York State from at least 1846-1853, and in Ohio around 1854.  James Monroe Whitfield died of heart disease in San Francisco in 1871.

1860 United States Federal Census > Connecticut > New Haven > New Haven Ward 6
James Whitfield 38 M B Barber 2,000 40 [born in ] NH
Frances Whitfield 38 F B Conn
James Whitfield 6 M B Ohio [b abt 1854 Ohio]
Charles Whitfield 14 M B New York [b abt 1846 NY]
Walter Whitfield 11 M B New York [b abt 1849 NY]

His poetry scrutinizes the questions of slavery and freedom. James M. Whitfield was an important part of the first African American literary renaissance.  His stirring declarations in verse masterfully combined artistry and acrimony.

And o’er the nation’s wide domain,
Where once was heard the clanking chain,
And timorous bondmen crouched in fear,
Before the brutal overseer,
Proclaim the truth that equal laws
Can best sustain the righteous cause;
And let this nation henceforth be
In truth the country of the free
.”

Janice

ADDITIONAL READING

Book of Poetry: “America And Other Poems” [online]

Poem: “To Cinque,” from America and Other Poems.

Poem: “Written for the Celebration of the Fourth Anniversary of President Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation

Hymn: “A Hymn”, Written For The Dedication Of The Michigan Street Baptist Church, Buffalo”

Poem: “New Years Hymn”

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New Hampshire Glossary: Oysters (Aw Shucks)

Oysters are not good in the month that has not an R in it…”

This saying was penned in 1599, and the advice is still good today.

Other ancient writings reveal:

“The oyster is unseasonable and unholesome in all moneths that haue not the letter R in their name.” (1600) “Oysters are a cruel meat.” (1611)

“They are ungodly, because they are eaten without grace; uncharitable, because they leave nought but shells; and unprofitable, because they must swim in wine (1738). They say oysters are a cruel meat, because we eat them alive.  Then they are an uncharitable meat, for we leave nothing to the poor; and they are an ungodly meat, because we never say grace.”

“The oyster is a gentle thing, and will not come until you sing.” (1869).

Oh, and let’s not forget a definition….

Oysters happen to be one of my favorite all time food… steamed with garlic, Oysters Rockefeller, you get the idea…  What is your favorite?  Or do you just detest the sight and taste?

Think of what oysters can do with a speck of dirt! Beat that!

Janice

Additional Reading

Little Known Facts About Oysters

Learn More About Oysters

Oysters Are Cool

“New Hampshire: Red Tide is Biblical”

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New Hampshire Slanguage: Frappe

New Hampshire natives, and others in New England

prefer to call a milkshake, a “frappe.”  It is one of my favorite “slanguage” words.  I first wrote about the origin of this drink in 2006 and recently decided to revisit the origin of the frappe.

The word itself appears to be either French or Greek in origin, and became popularly used in New England around the late 1800s into the early 1900s.  This exactly matches the time frame in which New England experienced a great influx of immigrants from both the countries of Canada (many of whom were French-speaking) and from Greece. These newly arrived families quickly found jobs at the many mills that had sprung up all along the Merrimack valley in New Hampshire and Massachusetts.

I thought that perhaps these French and Greek immigrants brought the drink to New England.  I was wrong.  They didn’t!   The usage of ‘frappe’ in New Hampshire may have originated in Philadelphia.  James Parkinson of Philadelphia was a food inventor, famous throughout the 19th century, who specialized in ice cream treats.   In the 1840s he became a restaurateur.  He created sorbets and frozen ices using alcohol. In 1850 he created the Champagne frappe à la glace made with sparkling wine and Champagne-flavored water ice. Literally, this means “Champagne hits the ice.”   (So to you folks who recently are trying to claim that a Greek soda fountain owner invented this, so sorry he didn’t.).

Later, in places outside of New England a frappe came to mean a blended, iced coffee drink with milk added. Eventually it became a name for any blended milk or ice cream-based drink, usually with a flavored syrup added. Often a straw is an accessory used to drink down to the last drop.

Frappes were very popular in the early 1900s when Soda Fountains were a mainstay.  Types of frappes advertised in the 1902 Boston Globe included mint, ginger, and peach. The 10 May 1907 Harrisburg Daily Independent newspaper promoted some new “Fountain Frappe Drinks” with exotic names and good prices: Buster Brown 10c, Ping Pong 15c, and Honey Dew 5c.

Today a mixture of cold milk with syrup or flavoring, either stirred or mixed in a blender, is known as a MILK SHAKE.   Only the version where ICE CREAM is added is called a FRAPPE.  Please do not confuse the two.

Frappe Trivia: In Rhode Island a frappe is called a CABINET.  MacDonald’s first menu did NOT offer frappes – they were triple thick shakes.

Janice

P.S. Did you know that the the first soda fountain patent was granted to Samuel Fahnestock in 1819.

– Yankee Magazine: The Difference Between A Frappe and a Milkshake

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New Hampsha’s Weatha’ Glossary

For a new resident to be successfully integrated into New Hampshire society,

they must become familiar with the following New Hampshire weather-related terms.

Barometer:  your son/nephew/co-worker gave you one a few years ago, that hangs on the living room wall.  Having a barometer is a New Hampshire tradition, even if they only look at it twice a year, nod and say “its dropping, thats bad.”

Blizzard: when enough snow falls that your Fish & Game Club meeting is cancelled. This is a good time to make snow angels on the graves of your ancestors, catch a snow flake (or two or three) on your tongue, make hot chocolate, and plan trips to Alaska, where dinosaurs made it warmer.

Chilly: The air temperature is below zero with strongly blowing wind and sleet.  The look on your neighbor’s face today, may be mistaken for one of New Hampshire’s slightly scary stares.

Chinook: a dog breed created by a northern New Hampshire guy.

Cold: The temperature is minus 30 degrees with a wind-chill factor of at least 100 degrees below zero (also known as “Geezum Crow, it’s cold!”)

Cold Front: The greeting you get from your wife, if you don’t manage to buy the last generator at the hardware store. This happens after you’ve been without electricity for 2 days, and the prospects of getting the juice back on sometime soon is dim.

Damn cold: The temperature is cold enough that exposed flesh freezes in three minutes. Laundry hung on the clothes line breaks into multiple pieces if struck. Not a good day to stick your tongue to a metal flag pole.

Flooding: according to New Hampshire realtors and hydrologists, this event only happens every 100 years.  Don’t worry, be happy, buy near low lying water.

Flurries: called a “white out” or blizzard in any other location, but in New Hampshire is considered very light snow fall. This type of event is a necessary part of New Hampshire life, as without it, residents become storm-deprived, and begin to hallucinate.

Frontal Fog: confusion on the part of New Hampshire elected officials, regarding the difference between their state motto, and a marketing slogan. Most likely to occur in the Concord region.

Freezing: air temperatures when newspaper becomes your best friend (as padding between your two layers of socks, and between your ‘parker’ and your plaid shirt). Who needs all ten fingers anyway?

Meteorology: the science of checking out the weather rock in your back yard.  If the rock is wet, it’s raining; if it’s white, its snowing… you get the idea.

Heat: a rare natural event occurring approximately 3 days a year. It is often accompanied by a run on air conditioners, followed a few days later by a glut of “only used once” air conditioner sales on Ebay.

Hypothermia: a rapid lowering of human body temperature, resulting in profound stupidity. Occurs around November, every four years.

Nippy: temperatures well below zero with gale-force winds, and twenty-foot-high snow banks.  It is cold enough for the house door to freeze shut.

NOAA: The guy with the long robe who built the big boat, and survived the never-ending showa’.

Radar: an instrument that senses meteorological phenomena.  Since this instrument is too expensive, the ‘weather rock’ is more commonly used. See “Meteorology.”

Really Cold: Exposed flesh freezes in ten minutes. Your car won’t start unless you can plug the engine heater in to an electrical outlet a half hour in advance of use. If you don’t have electricity, you are SOL.

Showa‘: a weather event involving water; If you don’t like the weatha’, wait a minute. SEE “NOAA.”

Snow Drift: Accumulation of snow making travel temporarily inconvenient. This problem can be overcome by offering to take the neighbor kids to the mall, if they will remove it from the driverway.

SOL: Sh… errr Simply Out of Luck.  A technical term for individuals with weather-related challenges, such as, but not limited to: you can’t find last year’s snow shovels, ice scrapers, can of de-icer, or bag of sidewalk salt. Also an archaic term for the sun (what is that?).

Spring Melt: time to take down the holiday decorations (remove the wooden slats from your boarded up windows). This thaw will be almost immediately followed by a blizzard.

Tempest: a California meteorologist working part-time, who actually thinks he can predict New Hampshire weather.

Too cold to go to the mall: Theoretical temperature used only in scientific hypotheses, because New Hampshire kids will go to the mall, no matter what the temperature is.

Utraviolet radiation: a drill is held, only held in school rooms along New Hampshire’s very short coastline, to prevent exposure to this, in the case of a sudden appearance of SOL [see].

Weather: the state of the atmosphere at a specific place and time. In New Hampshire ‘you can’t get there from here,’ therefore there is no way to know where you are, therefore there is no weather.

Do you have your own New Hampsha’ Weather word(s) to add?

Janice

-Addendum: Also see Raven’s New Hampshire’s Fahrenheit Scale-

-Climate and Weather Terms Glossary (The Real Deal)-

NOAA

Photograph: the photograph in this article was taken by Berwin Webster in the 1930s or 40s of the Mount Washington Observatory.

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